Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) are a group of pathogens that are transmitted by hematophagous arthropods, mainly mosquitoes and ticks, between susceptible vertebrates [1]; many of them are also characterized by their movement through arthropod communi‐ ties: vertical (or transovarial) [2] and venereal transmission [3]. Thus far, more than 500 ar‐ boviruses have been identified worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas [4-6]. Of these, some 80 species can cause human diseases with a broad spectrum of symp‐ toms, including encephalitis, fever, and hemorrhaging [7]. Most arboviruses are classified into three families (the Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, and Bunyaviridae) in the current viral clas‐ sification system. Minor groups of arboviruses include those belonging to the Rhabdoviri‐ dae (vesicular stomatitis Indian and bovine ephemeral fever viruses), Reoviridae (bluetongue virus and Colorado tick fever), and Asfarviridae (African swine fever virus; ASFV); all of which have trivial or no roles in causing human diseases.